So i started using Focused Artillery Ballista along with Blast Rain and Lightning Arrow. Note: This guide primarily addresses new players, beginners and casual players who want to have a smooth (first) levelling experience through both the campaign and the endgame. The Explosive Arrow Ballista Elementalist is a great Allrounder Leaguestarter. With the current changes to Passive Skill Tree, you will be able to summon up to 5 Ballistas. With good gear, siege ballista hierophants can pop most endgame bosses in a matter of seconds. The leaked crucible node for it was slightly confusing so i wanna make sure i got it right. Fill in unique items whenever possible. That’s the benefit of them being account bound honestly. The Iron Commander bow gives 1 extra siege ballista per 200 dex. 18 is comming in a few days and like everyone i'm thinking about my league starter. Share this: Complete Guide on Siege Ballista Hierophant Build that combines Dexterity stacking with the special properties of his Ascendancy and Unique Items to deal massive amounts of Cold Damage with multiple Totems - a Build that's ideal for Boss Killing. Drillneck provides a dramatic increase in damage when used with this skill. 10% of Leech is Instant18%. It brought the dmg back to higher than what it was before the nurfs. Since you probably won't have access to the second 6-link, it is best to use it in 4-link or mix with Lightning Arrow for a double 5. Attack Damage: 100–145% of base. I made this build live on stream & tested it and made a lot of changes as we played it and ultimately landed on what's. Level: 1–20. I trust Palsterons builds. During 3. Main Gem Setups. projectile mastery = 1% damage per 16 dex. Path of Exile - My Siege Ballista Dex Stacking Totem Build - Part 1/3new changes for 3. Level 32 Level 62 Level 85 Level 98 (if you fancy) So which Ascendancy do you choose?Some comparisons between Toxic Rain Ballista Pathfinder and Explosive Arrow Ballista. Patch 3. Summons a ballista totem that attacks with piercing arrows. Shrapnel ballista targeting range is way lower and thus is really not great for clear. Going over this build that is a lot of fun. Path of Exile Guide [3. The totem suffers an attack speed penalty but deals increased base damage. Includes the Scourge Arrow Pathfinder skill tree, ratings for the endgame, the best gear, the best flasks, and the best support gems for Scourge Arrow. January 5, 2020. (Assuming its not rare as hell lol) “50% increased Siege and Shrapnel Ballista attack speed per maximum Summoned Totem. You got the same option with amulet going up to 18% (With catalyst) From there you have the option of crafting into needed resists if you wanna secure safety or going. 🔗 PoE forum post. by fezz8386; Templar [3. This video covers all of the relevant changes coming to my Siege Ballista Hierophant setup in 3. The 3. Iron commander siege ballista was pretty good in metamorph league, but it's more like a budget week 2 build because it leans into some endgame boss drops and undesirable 6 link uniques that people generate from league mechanic rewards. It is however not suited to deal with Uber Bosses. With the double totem placement per 1 and the massive amounts of placement speed% available, a Hiero getting 12 totems out might take the same amount of time as a Ranger placing 5. Let's dive into the updates below!Path of Exile is a free online-only action RPG under development by Grinding Gear Games in New Zealand. You can always messag. bosses. 22). Crypto“Siege Ballista?” Is not a very good questions. This build is fairly simple to play once put together. This setup would allow you to confidently farm maps up to T12. Wither totems die easily and you have to resummon them many times in long fights. . 0 - A pre-guide discussion [12. Enjoy! 👍 don't forget to subsc. So give me some ideas for different types of Ballista Totem builds, I want to try some eventually. 52% plays it with lightning arrow 22% artillery balista 12% ice shot 8% barrage 7% frost blades 6% sst 6% molten strike. Hello, I'm pretty new to POE and this is my first league. Summons a ballista totem that attacks with piercing arrows. Shrapnel ballista can hit multiple times with same attack. Simply run around, dropping your Siege Ballista as you go, and use your Frenzy to generate charges and debuff enemies as needed. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. I was so pleased with the build that I thought it was worth sharing. Requires a. The Raider is the ascendancy class that heavily specializes in building a big amount of Frenzy charges, which give you a lot of damage and speed to zip around enemies. Every 200 points nets us another Ballista, translating directly to damage. 📺 Watch videos about this build and see it in action !PoE Siege Ballista Gem Build 3. This build is using Abyss Jewels to get an absurd amount of Accuracy. A subreddit dedicated to Path of Exile, an ARPG made by Grinding Gear Games…Well, it appears that the classic Iron Commander Siege Ballista build is still one of the best, if not the ABSOLUTELY best “RAT” possible. Flask setup. 13. Enjoy! 👍 don't forget to subscrib. Beginner's Page. Hey Guys, I have posted a video on updates/changes to the build with a bit of a guide too. If you don't feel weirdly compelled then I recommend you stay away. Pros - Good life sustain for a totem buildAoE: Hierophant's Siege Ballistas are extremely powerful Totems when played with the right gear. please note that PoB does not have the ailment more damage per arrow yet so the damage should be doubled. . Additionally, with the change to vengeant cascade, we now get every secondary projectile to. "Question about totems and charges". You can also check our other Path of Exile builds right over here Odealo's Crafty Guides - Full List 1. You can calculate approximately how many fuses you'll get using the following formula (the "+ 1" at the end is cause the fuse timer only starts once you hit your first fuse): (attack rate x totem count x fuse duration) + 1 = fuse count. They have a much shorter summoning range, spawning much closer to the summoner. Two-stone rings with Dexterity/Res/Life. 73 fuses. 09 Use/sec. Hey guys, dex stacking Siege Ballista build is here. 9 was the Ranged Attack Totem revamp into Ballistas, giving us a significant amount of extra totems, totem life, and some other helpful nodes on the passive tree. The mark ascendancy node is good but the build lacks a source of exposure since most of its damage is fire. This is pretty typical of PoE. Once you. PoE Ballista Totem Support Build. Considering siege ballista as league start, but found leveling subpar. . Would definitely recommend for all content, a league starter and a valid all-around totem. . 0 UPDATES INC - 9/25. A Path of Exile Guide for Scourge Arrow Pathfinder (Ranger) with Siege Ballista Wither totems. 54K views 1 year ago #PathofExile #lakeofkalandra. 📺 1 videos found. Quality on the skill-gem gives totem placement speed up to 20%. 50% damage effectiveness * 50% speed = 25% DPS. Primary damage links in order of relative priority: Siege Ballista. Builds. This build is heavily reliant on one item: Iron Commander. So far all gems that related to ballista totem have totem and projectile gem tags. Is there anything similar?Here's my deal - I've been playing PoE off and on for about 7 years, and have never been able to do the uber bosses. ago. Budget: This build was my second character in Ultimatum league [3. 2. It sounds like what this node does is opens up a build using siege and shrapnel ballista that doesn't need stat stacking, which is super interesting, but it is basically useless when combined with iron commander or its replica. Cost: 6–11 Mana. As per rule 10. This is assuming every single. So for example our midgame gearset gives us: (2. 15 Nurfs i wasn't happy with the single target dmg of this build, so i made some changes and started using Focused Artillery Ballista along with Blast Rain and Lightning Arrow. Maybe I'll try Siege Ballista. It offers very high single-target damage, but also an insane clear speed with entire screens of monsters falling down to Split Arrow's Piercing projectiles. YES, Hyrri's Demise is gone But we get. Best Raider Builds for Trial of the Ancestors League (PoE 3. 3) In this case, you’d need 15. Path of Exile is a free online-only action RPG under development by Grinding Gear Games in New Zealand. Hi friends, in this video I'll show you my variation build Siege Ballista Hierophant Templar in PoE 3. I started as EA Ballista for leveling and when i acquired certain build enabling uniques like Wildwrap, Iron commander bow, Astramentis and Fractal Thoughts mask then i have swaped to Siege Ballista's. The main detractor from clear speed for Siege Ballista is a lack of attack speed (i. Artillery Ballista. Pretty much any Bow build nowadays uses Ballistas for single target damage alongside a self-cast Bow skill for clear, so you have a wide range of choices there. After the 3. 7/7 Cleared. Siege Ballista: pretty much exclusively used as a support skill in bow builds Shrapnel Ballista: used as a main skill with some success Artillery Ballista: given that only two people on poe. Can be crafted with Deafening Essence of Sorrow. Ballista Totem Support Bow, Projectile, Support, Totem Icon: R Level: (1-20) Cost & Reservation Multiplier: 120% Requires Level 8 Supports any bow or wand attack skill, causing it to summon a ballista totem that uses the skill for you. Hello everyone, Actually i was tempted to play something else this league but since a lot of players reached out i have decided to start Siege Ballista Dex stacker once again. Siege Ballista is used because it happens to be the best option, since the Abyss Jewels give "Accuracy if you haven't killed recently" so I need to use the Ballistas to kill. Path of Exile is a free online-only action RPG under development by Grinding Gear Games in New Zealand. While looking through the skill on wiki, I found this perfect item Iron Commander. As described in the title, the build uses Shrapnel ballista totems and scales poison damage as a Pathinfinder. If you are tired of Toxic Rain or Forbidden Rite Totems, this is a powerful off-meta build that can do most of the endgame content like Sirius 8, The Formed,. Make sure to corrupt al. BUT the problem with RF for me was the bosses, they don't kill me but i don't kill them. Shrapnel Ballista is recognized to have high single target potential, but a clear lack of clearspeed. The build just comes alive. Im currently playing ice spear hierophant and at the top end you can hit 72million and swap to freezing pulse to map but on the dex stack ballisa totems you can hit that with less investment and it has a higher ceiling but it's considerably worse for mapping so if you're just bossing I'd go with dex stack ballista. There's some cool new toys to play with on the Explosive Arrow Ballista (EA) for 3. Maybe as a second character. Beginner's Page. 2K views 4 months ago #pathofexile #arpg. 25sec with build 1 (50M/8M) and 31. Iron Commander is awesome, and getting dex isn't as hard as it might seem. Stream:. 17 Templar build by wishdropper (14939 views). CurrenctPOB: 96 tree with clusterPOB: Storm Cloud and Tabula Rasa. Arc builds. 18. 5 * 1. Siege Ballista only clearing Flask sustain Flagellant in action. Here you can find usefull info like POB and links to my crafting videos:Leveling POB with full leveling guide which i have followed last league from Wallach:. 20 EA stacks deals 100% of base * 20 explosions * (1+5% more per stack * 20 stacks) * 0. I usually play one build from start to end without a full respec with +-50 divines. Hi friends, in this video I'll show you my variation build Siege Ballista Hierophant Templar in PoE 3. Safe to play! #PathofExile #PoE #LeaguestartTR Ballista Pathfinder Build Guide: Guide: stackers usually run wildwrap and fractal thoughts, both of which have increased dmg per dex. This build is fairly simple to play once put together. And for some unkwon reason on the left of the enemies seems. Main Gem Setups. Main 6L Siege Ballista 6L Lightning Spire Trap Support gems for lightning Spire Trap can be changed depending on the colour of sockets you get. Includes the Siege Ballista Hieorphant skill tree, the best support gems for Siege. This build achieves something unusual: successfully bonds 3 completely different playstyles: Short Video Description:Here are the changes for 3. You should have no problem levelling at all. 3. Full Siege Ballista Dex-Stacker Build Guide out soon! (Path of Exile, 3. Build Guide. hyrri's demise = 1-2 cold damage per 10 dex. wildwrap = 15% dex - 1% damage per 15 dex. Ballista Totem. 3) In this case, you’d need 15. There proberly stil is some really strong builds among them thoug, just going under the radar. Using Iron Commander Death Bow and this bow has "Siege Ballista has +1 to maximum number of Summoned Totems per 200 Dexterity". 20: The build itself haven't changed and should be just fine as it was in 3. This is my first build I've ever tried by my own, and I'm a new player of this game too. Ballista Totem Builds. But with the changes of hierophant about totems, and me being and casual noob player. As time passes, updates became lesser and lesser. It allows you to summon more Shrapnel Ballista Totems the more Strength you have. If you want to play Artillery ballista instead of storm rain ballista there's almost no reason to play a deadeye over a raider. honestly that chest is so underrated. Patch 3. Enjoy! 👍 don't forget to subscrib. However, just using Barrage. Swapping to siege ballista for clear alleviated some of the issues but it just felt bad swapping so often. Reply replyHey guys, I started a ballista build as I just wanted to boss and have something else to do. 18 this build is still going to rock everything already from the budget leaguestart gear!Soon i will upload the. The Siege Ballista Crucible node gives 200% more DPS, whereas the damage per dex Crucible node gives only 40% more DPS. Primary damage links in order of relative priority: Siege Ballista. Siege Ballista : ascendancy and builds. +1 Passive skill Ancestral Bond. Allright, thanks. 22 Trial of the Ancestors begins this Friday and to prepare we have several new League Starter guides to get you started! Along with the new guides, our existing build guides have been updated to the new patch as well as our currency farming guides. Tala moana exiles, 3. An important note to remember when playing this build is that. If you're talking about a Ballista-only build though : I don't think there are many Rangers using a pure Ballista setup, since there are better alternatives for that. Ailment modifier to explosive arrow is back. Ranger 3. 0 2. My leveling tree suggestion if you need one: 33points/66points leveling tree 3. See moreThis bug was fixed on 17. Updated build for the most part of the dex totem build from 3. Check me out on Twitch! go easy on me, this is my first build guide video and goes decently in depth. Focused ballista was great, but I think like to Artillery ballista without it, don’t exactly know why. All it really needs is a level 21 Ballista Totem support or cheap Shako, Eye of Innocence, Quill Rain, and Torchoak Step to easily run through T16s. Regardless, I don't expect either to be unaffordable in the first few days, shouldn't be an issue. A collection of the best builds and guides for the online action role-playing game Path of Exile - Siege of the Atlas! Path of Exile - Ancestor League - Totem Builds. Palsteron goes over this in the video but the first two you want are 1) Quill Rain and 2) Wilma's Requital. Retrieved March 16, 2013. 17 Archnemesis league (Siege of the atlas expansion). Hits will kill you though, so you'll have some issues on uber shaper. If you need to play a siege ballista build this is the way to do it. Introduction: Shockwave Totem is an underused skill that is extremely strong when paired with Astral Projector. A build that is both viable for hardcore as well as softcore. . Business, Economics, and Finance. 50% spell suppress from 2 nodes and Raider, with easy room for 80-100%. Path of Exile is a free online-only action RPG under development by Grinding Gear Games in New Zealand. 22 Siege Ballista - Path of Exile Siege Ballista is an active skill gem. _____ Skill-gems and setups: Main attack: Siege Ballista, Greater Multiple Projectiles, Faster Attacks, Weapon Elemental Damage, Slower Projectiles (5-link) & Added Lightning Damage (6-link). Some questions about siege ballista. Cost: 6–11 Mana. You can get more or less depending on how you want to build your character. 21-----New PoB: Stream: Discord: Hi, and welcome to this build guide. Hey Guys, I have posted a video on updates/changes to the build with a bit of a guide too. The fact is that we still do have 100% suppress and able to have 90% phys red with granite flask. . This allows you to essentially benchcraft life/convert phys to cold damage first. Ballista Totem Support is a support gem that modifies the supported bow or wand skill, so that instead of the player casting the skill directly, they summon a balllista totem using the skill. Open main menu. 2 hierophant, lead to the thought process behind the build. Main Gem Setups. 83 fuses per second. Path of Exile Guide [3. Introduced to the game. He has an old guide on the forum but you can click his profile he still plays the build every single. Requires a Bow. Ballista Totem Support is a support gem that modifies the supported bow or wand skill, so that instead of the player casting the skill directly, they summon a ballista totem using the skill. Which build fits you better for 3. At 3 impales, and a build that stacks 4-10 ballista totems using Iron Commander (or perhaps with Crimson Storm instead with less totems), this seems like a pretty huge dps boost. In the notes there is my leveling plan (leveling with Split Arrow and Shrapnel Ballista), the links are subject to change when the PoB gets updated with the skill gems. Ballista support or siege ballista instead of artillery. Enemies can. The Siege Ballista Hierophant has excellent damage potenti al with great gear like most attributes stacking builds. TEXT GUIDE: MARKET: LINK: Siege Ballista deserves special mention here - this alternate quality gem grants an additional projectile per 10% quality, while also reducing attack speed by 1% per point of quality. 📺 Watch videos about this build and see it in action ! BoE Path of exile builds [3. The minion searches out barely visible enemies for you. Its heavily oriented towards attack speed, as I felt that the 50% ias reduction on ballistas will be the biggest problem. 3. e. 20 and have have expanded our Bosses and Crafting Sections as. A place to talk about POE builds, mechanics and interactions. Really nice job on Shaper and uber Atziri! Now make a dual claw Rive build with Shaper gloves :) This build will destroy everything in this game on a BUDGET! T16 red maps are a joke! Destroys all side-content in Path Of Exile. Siege Ballista – fires piercing arrows. It was known as Ranged attack totems or RAT. If you have even more extra projectiles, it gets even better. Day 1 went well, leveling was fun and tomorrow we'll get to crafting! Going to do this build diary with 2-3 updates and then re. When clearing Run Siege ballista, Cold Damage, Cold Pen, Elemental with Attacks, and its up to you what you want on the rest. It just has a good balance of damage and survivability, also quite quick on its feet which just gives it this smooth feeling. The Iron Commander is a relic from the past, from before Ballistae were truly integrated into the passive tree and their uniqueness compared to regular spell totems were defined. 4612. Full Siege Ballista Dex-Stacker Build Guide out soon! (Path of Exile, 3. 22]. Played SB all last league as well as this one, here's my. I have a well equipped build that can easily clear all content, minus ubers. Artillery Ballista has some unique properties. by fezz8386; Templar [3. totem leech from Chieftain. Enemies can be hit by multiple arrows from the same attack. Good day, Exiles! I’m currently building my first bow build as a LA Deadeye and trying to figure out which is best for single target dmg. TbXie’s Explosive Arrow Ballista Champion has been one of the most popular builds for newer. I played SSF SC 2 leagues ago and went with storm rain ballista with focused ballista. ~45 % vs. Ninja always look dreadful and I dislikes glass cannon builds. So I've looked at the wiki for this gem and just wanted a few clarifies. 22] MoM Crit Power Siphon Totem Hierophant. Generally siege ballista builds don't bother picking up any of the totem specific nodes, on account that siege ballista scales with all your projectile and bow damage nodes, and Iron Commander already gives you a ton of extra siege ballistas so +1 extra totem is pretty useless. Damage nerf on new ballista support is too big. That is one awesome build - im having a blast carving through maps with it. 21 Crucible? #PathofExile #PoE #Cruci. Siege Ballista pierces 6 targets at level 1, up to 9 at level 20. You can also check our other Path of Exile builds right over here Odealo's Crafty Guides - Full List 1. Continue reading "PoE Ballista Totem Support Build" Siege Ballista : ascendancy and builds. . 580K subscribers in the pathofexile community. Path of Exile is a free online-only action RPG under development by Grinding Gear Games in New Zealand. Then whenebwr you want you can cast all 15-18 ballista in front of you in 2 seconds and keep running around while they annihilate everything on the screen. 👀 144321 🗨️ 479 ⌛ 2 years ago. Siege ballista is a great and cheap way to gear a char and make some currency for a more expensive 2nd char. 17, 3. Build should be able to close uber bosses. 17 Templar Siege Ballista Hierophant Easy Build . Primary damage links in order of relative priority: Siege Ballista. 20: The build itself haven't changed and should be just fine as it was in 3. 15 nurfs cut its dps in half. Siege Ballista is a bow attack skill. Siege Ballista with Barrage Shot Gun Ballista already has alots Projectiles. -A good build for Elreon rotations-You can with good gear clear all content in the game I believe, alltough you need to be a good player to do so. 3. Probably looking at 10-20 div more for same build as last league largely due to helmet enchant, rain of splinters and 21/20 divergent artillery ballista. Hi everybody, this will be my league starter for 3. Elemental hit Ballista is already known to be a strong build, but going Raider (vs. Pros: + Safer playstyle + Significantly more versatile in almost every scenario + Doesn't require you to stand still to deal damage + Combination of clearing by yourself and totem for single target doesn't. Attack, Projectile, Totem, Bow. Last league I also went Palsteron's TR ballista build and had a good time farming both blight instances in maps and blight ravaged maps without too much issue. You can try to get 2200 dex for extra totem but I'm not sure if it's worth investing, dps is already pretty good. Using Iron Commander Death Bow and this bow has "Siege Ballista has +1 to maximum number of Summoned Totems per 200. . Im looking for a class build based on my preferences. Friends don't let friends play siege ballista builds. 83 fuses per second. 5. The difference isn't that big between raider and deadeye anyway but you can definetely squeeze out an extra 30k or so per totem. Additional Effects From Quality:The cat is out of the bag now. Armageddon Brand. 21 is here!!! This is part 2 of my guide which converts us from RAIDER TO DEADEYE! Part 1 can be. Per 1% Quality: 1 Superior 2 Anomalous 3 Divergent 4 Phantasmal 1% increased Totem Placement speed 1%. 45% reduced Shrapnel Ballista attack speed per Shrapnel Ballista Totem. Artillery Ballista Attack, Totem, AoE, Fire, Projectile, Bow. The more stacks you have, the higher the damage of the Final Explosion. Of the natural Ballista skills, Siege Ballista has the best clear, though I haven't tested Shrapnel or Artillery Ballista for single target situations. Adding a third source might be when DR kicks in, but it’s still a good amount of damage. . With the new ascendancies, I was wondering what ascendancy to go; either deadeye, raider, or scion. In 3. My builds: Scourge Arrow. The totem uses the player's currently equipped bow or wand for the damage. Only change which. There's also a build that uses Tornado Shot totems with the new Crystallized Omniscience amulet for attribute stacking. 📺 0 videos found. You can choose between three skill gems for your Ballista Totem: Artillery Ballista – fires a burning arrow that does AoE damage. + A very serviceable bosser with high damage and decent uptime. All it really needs is a level 21 Ballista Totem support or cheap Shako, Eye of Innocence, Quill Rain, and Torchoak Step to easily run through T16s. 21 - Siege Ballista Crucible Build Update KwiKwi 416 subscribers Subscribe 35 Share 4. Attack Speed: 50% of base. The primary idea behind this build is to scale the damage off of flat elemental the same way you would a traditional crit elemental build. This build doesn't go for the totemic zeal nodes so you really need the SB placement speed enchant it makes the game much smoother. The Siege Ballista Hierophant is another strong dexterity stacking build that utilizes dexterity to increase its damage and the number of Siege Ballista totems the player can have out at once. Finished updating the guide to 3. After playing for 3-4 days now I think this is my favourite build so far in Poe. Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home. This league I finally decided to play EA Ballista, and I gotta say, I think I can get hooked on Ballista Totem builds. This skill has got to be the most forgotten skill in PoE history. Path of Exile Action role-playing game Hack and slash Role-playing video game Action game Gaming comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment. Total build cost: 2. We made the first per Dex iron commander for sale. Any ideas?We're using Artillery Ballista for our attacks: an attack totem that fires a hail of fiery arrows at its target. Siege Ballista [3. . The totem uses the player’s currently equipped bow or wand for the damage. Ballista Totem Support is a support gem that modifies the supported bow or wand skill, so that instead of the player casting the skill directly, they summon a ballista totem using the skill. Path of Exile The Forbidden Sanctum releases this Friday, December 9th at 11am PST. In theory shrapnel DPS should outscale siege ballista but you fix part of that with just using barrage support on siege ballista. Mate, EA ignite is nerfed by 20%. EDIT: I'm playing a build in standard. It's so bad that most Ballista builds should avoid it because it's better to summon 2 decent ballistas than 12 awful ones. For more about Path of Exile you can view the endgame guide here Endgame Guide. At around 600str. Totem lasts 8 seconds. In 3. Like %dex (7% if catalyst) rings, think they average 5-7div per. A Fixture of Fate Fallen from Grace Lilly Roth Alternate skill effects Siege Ballista has the following alternate skill effects Your Spell or Ballista totem becomes an Arcane Tome. Last project of the league with inquisitor absolutely destroying The Feared. 16POB: videois the final version of the bow for Accuracy-stacking Siege Ballista Juggernaut, which should be the highest dps version for min-maxing, but requires 21/23 Anomalous Siege Ballista and 20/23 or 21/23 Divergent Additional Accuracy. Hello, I'm pretty new to POE and this is my first league. With the target in the center then the arrows would land in a cross shape. Sadly poe ninja calculates damage per balista, and not total damage output, which would place the build at top 5 sorted by dps, below the glacial bois After playing aurastacker every league since delirium, my benchmark of 'good dps' was set overly high, however this build surprised and surpassed all my expectations. We want this bad boy for the damage gained proportional to pierce.